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weight and performance calculations for the Boeing 737 MAX 8
***** PRELIMINARY FILE ****
Boeing 737 MAX 8
role : jet airliner
importance : ****
first flight : 29 January 2016 operational : May 2017
country : United States of America
design :
production : around 500 aircraft
general information :
First of the new 737 MAX generation, the fourth 737 generation, the MAX 8 replaces
the 737-800.
The value of a 737 MAX 8 was valued at around 54 mln USD in early 2017.
The split tip wingtip device is designed to reduce vortex drag , improving
In March 2019, the Boeing 737 MAX was grounded worldwide after a malfunctioning
flight control system caused two new aircraft to crash in Indonesia ( Lion Air Flight 610 on October 29, 2018) and Ethiopia ( Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302 on March 10, 2019), killing all 346 people on board both flights. After alternation to the flight system (MCAS) it could resume operations from December 2020.
Grounded 737 MAX aircraft
primary users : Southwest Airlines, Ryanair, United Airlines, American airlines,
Lion Air, Ethiopian airlines
Accommodation:
flight crew : 2 cabin crew : 6
passengers : seating for 178 in two class : 12 business class and 166 tourist class seats ( 30 -in pitch)
exit limit : 210 passengers
engine : 2 CFM International LEAP-1B27 turbofan engines of 124.7 [KN] (28033.2 [lbf])
dimensions :
wingspan : 35.92 [m], length : 39.52 [m], height : 12.29 [m]
wing area : 127.0 [m^2] fuselage exterior width : 3.76 [m]
weights :
operating empty weight : 45070 [kg] max. structural payload : 20880 [kg]
Zero Fuel weight (ZFW) : 65950 [kg] max. landing weight (MLW) : 69308 [kg]
max.take-off weight : 82600 [kg] weight fuel : 20640 [kg] (25800 [liter])
performance :
Max. operating Mach number (Mmo) : 0.85 [Mach] (945 [km/hr]) at 7620 [m]
normal cruise speed : 880 [km/hr] (Mach 0.84 ) at 11582 [m] (29 [%] power)
economic cruise speed : 839 [km/hr] (Mach 0.80 ) at 11582 [m]
service ceiling : 12000 [m]
range with max fuel : 6570 [km] (ATA domestic fuel reserves - 370.0 [km] alternate)
description :
low-wing cantilever monoplane with retractable landing gear with nose wheel
two spar fail-safe wing structure
with double slotted flaps with slotted LE flaps (slats) ,with spoilers
airfoil : NACA with supercritical cross-section
sweep angle 3/4 chord: 25.0 [°]
engines attached with pylons to the wing, main landing gear attached to the wings, fuel
tanks in the wings and fuselage
construction : all-metal aluminium-alloy stressed-skin construction with pressurized
fuselage shape : 0
calculation : *1* (dimensions)
measured wing chord : 6.39 [m] at root
mean wing chord : 3.54 [m]
calculated average wing chord tapered wing with rounded tips: 3.51 [m]
wing aspect ratio : 10.16 []
seize (span*length*height) : 17446 [m^3]
calculation : *2* (fuel consumption)
oil consumption : 7.5 [kg/hr]
fuel consumption (econ. cruise speed) : 2495.2 [kg/hr] (3119.0 [litre/hr]) at 19 [%] power
distance flown for 1 kg fuel : 0.34 [km/kg] at 11582 [m] height, sfc : 54.0 [kg/KN/h]
total fuel capacity : 25800 [litre] (20640 [kg])
calculation : *3* (weight)
weight engine(s) dry : 5560.0 [kg] = 22.29 [kg/KN]
weight 88 litre oil tank : 7.48 [kg]
United airlines MAX 8 cabin layout, 16x first class seats at 37-in pitch, 54x economy plus 33-38-in pitch, 96 economy seats at 30-in pitch
oil tank filled with 1.6 litre oil : 1.4 [kg]
oil in engine 3.1 litre oil : 2.7 [kg]
fuel in engine 13.6 litre fuel : 9.98 [kg]
weight fuel lines 47.1 [kg]
weight engine cowling 648.4 [kg]
weight thrust reversers 99.8 [kg]
total weight propulsion system : 6377 [kg](7.7 [%])
***************************************************************
Accommodation cabin facilities:
typical 2-class cabin layout for 178 passengers : economy : pitch : 76.2 [cm] ( 3+3 ) seating in 30.1 rows
weight seats : 930.0 [kg]
high density seating passengers : 210 [pax] at 6 -abreast seating in 35.0 rows, pitch 71.1 [cm]
pax density, normal seating : 0.60 [m2/pax], high density seating : 0.51 [m2/pax]
weight 4 lavatories : 61.8 [kg]
weight 2 galleys : 167.9 [kg]
weight overhead stowage for hand luggage : 62.3 [kg]
Iceland Air 737 MAX interior
weight 4 wardrobe closets : 35.6 [kg]
weight 62 windows : 55.9 [kg]
weight 4 1.83x0.86 [m] entrance/exit doors : 193.8 [kg]
weight 2 freight doors (belly) : 77.0 [kg]
belly baggage/cargo hold volume front : 21.98 [m3]
belly baggage/cargo hold volume rear : 28.55 [m3]
passenger compartment volume : 136 [m3]
passenger cabin max.width : 3.53 [m] cabin length : 31.08 [m] cabin height : 2.20 [m]
floor area : 106.0 [m2]
weight cabin facilities : 1584.3 [kg]
safety facilities:
weight 4 over wing emergency exits : 92.4 [kg]
weight 9 hand fire extinguisher : 26 [kg]
weight cockpit voice recorder (CVR) and flight data recorder (FDR): 20.0 [kg]
weight oxygen masks & oxygen generators : 115.7 [kg]
weight emergency flare installation : 10 [kg]
weight 4 emergency evacuation slides : 152.1 [kg]
weight safety equipment & facilities : 416 [kg]
fuselage construction:
fuselage aluminium frame : 11388 [kg]
floor loading (payload/m2): 197 [kg/m2]
weight rear pressure bulkhead : 153.3 [kg]
fuselage covering ( 369.9 [m2] duraluminium 2.63 [mm]) : 2556.6 [kg]
weight floor beams : 664.7 [kg]
weight cabin furbishing : 927.5 [kg]
weight cabin floor : 1525.0 [kg]
fuselage (sound proof) isolation : 267.0 [kg]
weight 8703 [litre] main central fuel tanks empty : 487.4 [kg]
weight empty waste tank : 18 [kg]
weight fuselage structure : 17987.4 [kg]
Avionics:
weight HF and UHF radio : 7.0 [kg]
weight dual cloud-collision radar : 25.0 [kg]
weight VOR/ILS,RMI,Doppler,radio altimeter : 12.0 [kg]
weight Integrated Flight System / auto-pilot : 23.0 [kg]
Singapore airlines 737 MAX interior with flight attendant
weight artificial horizons, compass, alti-meters : 7 [kg]
weight engine monitoring gauges & control switches : 6 [kg]
weight avionics : 80.0 [kg]
Systems:
Air-conditioning and pressurisation system maintains sea level conditions up to 6550 [m]
and gives equivalent of 2000 [m] at 11200 [m]. pressure differential : 0.59 [bars] (kg/cm2)
pressurized fuselage volume : 329 [m3]
weight air-conditioning and pressurisation system : 211 [kg]
weight APU / engine starter: 62.4 [kg]
weight lighting : 58.7 [kg]
weight engine-driven 40kVA electricity generators : 44.5 [kg]
weight controls : 17.1 [kg]
weight systems : 394.2 [kg]
total weight fuselage : 20462 [kg](24.8 [%])
***************************************************************
total weight aluminium ribs (1193 ribs) : 2946 [kg]
weight engine mounts : 125 [kg]
weight 6 fuel tanks empty for total 17097 [litre] fuel : 957 [kg]
weight wing covering (painted aluminium 4.23 [mm]) : 2902 [kg]
total weight aluminium spars (multi-cellular wing structure) : 2618 [kg]
weight wings : 8466 [kg]
weight wing/square meter : 66.66 [kg]
weight thermal leading-edge anti-icing : 39.5 [kg]
weight fin & rudder (15.0 [m2]) : 1000.5 [kg]
weight stabilizer & elevator (14.3 [m2]): 953.3 [kg]
weight flight control hydraulic servo actuators: 66.7 [kg]
weight double slotted flaps (21.5 [m2]) : 613.1 [kg]
weight leading edge slats (6.9 [m2]) : 129.7 [kg]
weight spoilers (4.7 [m2]) : 28.0 [kg]
total weight wing surfaces & bracing : 12379 [kg] (15.0 [%])
*******************************************************************
tyre pressure main wheels : 14.50 [Bar] (nitrogen), ply rating : 30 PR
Can only operate from paved runways
wheel pressure : 18172.0 [kg]
weight 4 Dunlop main wheels (1130 [mm] by 420 [mm]) : 1132.5 [kg]
weight 2 nose wheels : 283.1 [kg]
weight multi-disc wheel-brakes : 66.0 [kg]
weight flywheel detector type anti-skid units : 5.4 [kg]
weight oleo-pneumatic shock absorbers : 87.9 [kg]
weight wheel hydraulic operated retraction system : 872.3 [kg]
weight undercarriage struts with axle 1870.6 [kg]
total weight landing gear : 4317.7 [kg] (5.2 [%]
*******************************************************************
Russia 737 MAX 8 S7 VQ-BGW c/n 43302
********************************************************************
calculated empty weight : 43535 [kg](52.7 [%])
weight oil for 9.0 hours flying : 74.3 [kg]
weight lifejackets : 80.1 [kg]
weight 3 life rafts : 111.2 [kg]
weight catering : 279.8 [kg]
weight water : 223.8 [kg]
weight crew : 648 [kg]
weight crew lugage,nav.chards,flight doc.,miscell.items : 117 [kg]
operational weight empty : 45070 [kg] (54.6 [%])
********************************************************************
weight 178 passengers : 13706 [kg]
weight luggage : 2848 [kg]
weight cargo : 4326 [kg] (cargo+luggage/m3 belly : 128 [kg/m3])
zero fuel weight (ZFW): 65950 [kg](79.8 [%])
weight fuel for landing (1.3 hours flying) : 3358 [kg]
max. landing weight (MLW): 69308 [kg](83.9 [%])
max. fuel weight : 65710 [kg] (79.6 [%])
payload with max fuel : 182 passengers+luggage 16890 [kg]
published maximum take-off weight : 82600 [kg] (100.0 [%])
calculation : * 4 * (engine power)
power loading (Take-off) : 331 [kg/KN]
power loading (Take-off) 1 PUF: 662 [kg/KN]
max. total take-off power : 249.4 [KN]
calculation : *5* (loads)
manoeuvre load : 4.6 [g] at 1000 [m]
limit load : 3.0 [g] ultimate load : 4.5 [g] load factor : 1.2 [g]
design flight time : 3.14 [hours]
design cycles : 32661 sorties, design hours : 102661 [hours]
max. wing loading (MTOW & flaps retracted) : 650 [kg/m2]
wing stress (2 g) during operation : 176 [N/kg] at 2g emergency manoeuvre
calculation : *6* (angles of attack)
angle of attack zero lift : -1.66 ["]
max. angle of attack (stalling angle, clean) : 10.76 ["]
max. angle of attack (full flaps) : 9.96 ["]
angle of attack at max. speed : 1.78 ["]
calculation : *7* (lift & drag ratios
lift coefficient at angle of attack 0° : 0.15 [ ]
lift coefficient at max. speed : 0.31 [ ]
lift coefficient at max. angle of attack : 1.12 [ ]
max. lift coefficient full flaps : 1.62 [ ]
drag coefficient at max. speed : 0.0282 [ ]
drag coefficient at econ. cruise speed : 0.0397 [ ]
induced drag coefficient at econ. cruise speed : 0.0155 [ ]
drag coefficient (zero lift) : 0.0242 [ ]
lift/drag ratio at max. speed : 10.99 [ ]
calculation : *8* (speeds
stalling speed clean at sea-level (OW loaded : 80105 [kg]): 342 [km/u]
stalling speed at sea-level with full flaps (normal landing weight): 239 [km/u]
landing speed at sea-level (normal landing weight : 69056 [kg]): 275 [km/hr]
approach speed at sea-level with full flaps (normal landing weight): 311 [km/u]
max. rate of climb speed : 710 [km/hr] at sea-level
max. endurance speed : 610 [km/u] min. fuel/hr : 2434 [kg/hr] at height : 8230 [m]
max. range speed : 945 [km/u] min. fuel consumption : 2.906 [kg/km] at
cruise height : 11278 [m]
cruising speed : 880 [km/hr] at 11582 [m] (power:19 [%])
max. operational speed (Mmo) : 945.00 [km/hr] (Mach 0.85 ) at 7620 [m]
(power:26.8 [%])
airflow at cruise speed per engine : 200.8 [kg/s]
speed of thrust jet : 1305 [km/hr]
climbing speed at sea-level (loaded) : 2083 [m/min]
climbing speed at 1000 [m] with 1 engine out (PUF / MTOW) : 710 [m/min]
calculation : *9* (regarding various performances)
take-off speed : 352.8 [km/u]
high wheel pressure, can only take off from paved runways
take-off distance at sea-level concrete runway : 2286 [m]
take-off distance at sea-level over 15 [m] height : 2371 [m]
landing run : 1257 [m]
landing run (C.A.R.) from 15 [m] at SL, dry runway : 1661 [m]
landing run (C.A.R.) from 15 [m] at SL, wet runway : 1961 [m]
lift/drag ratio : 15.72 [ ]
climb to 5000 [m] with max payload : 2.25 [min]
climb to 10000 [m] with max payload : 3.78 [min]
theoretical ceiling fully loaded (mtow- 60 min. fuel:80105 [kg] ) : 14300 [m]
calculation *10* (action radius & endurance)
possible additional cargo : 336 [kg]
range with max. payload: 5479 [km] with 20880.0 [kg] max. useful load (80.7 [%] fuel)
range with high density pax: 5972 [km] with 210 passengers (87.3 [%] fuel)
range with typical two-class pax: 6965 [km] with 178 passengers (100.0 [%] fuel)
range with max.fuel : 6940 [km] with 8 crew and 182 passengers and 100.0 [%] fuel
ferry range : 8352 [km] with 2 crew and zero payload (100.0 [%] fuel)
max range theoretically with additional fuel tanks total 48149.4 [litre] fuel : 14241
[km]
Available Seat Kilometres (ASK) : 1239806 [paskm]
useful load with range 1000km : 20880 [kg]
useful load with range 1000km : 210 passengers
production (theor.max load): 18374 [tonkm/hour]
production (useful load): 18374 [tonkm/hour]
production (passengers): 156640 [paskm/hour]
oil and fuel consumption per tonkm : 0.136 [kg]
fuel cost per paskm : 0.016 [eur]
crew cost per paskm : 0.007 [eur]
The Boeing 737 MAX 8 entered service with Lion Air 's subsidiary Malindo Air . Seen here is 9M-LRD with Batik print.
economic hours : 55750 [hours] is less then design hours
time between engine failure : 620 [hr]
can continue fly on 1 engine, low risk for emergency landing for PUF
writing off per paskm : 0.004 [eur]
insurance per paskm : 0.0012 [eur]
maintenance cost per paskm : 0.015 [eur]
direct operating cost per paskm : 0.043 [eur]
direct operating cost per tonkm (max. load): 0.367 [eur]
direct operating cost per tonkm (normal useful load): 0.367 [eur]
Literature :
https://contentzone.eurocontrol.int/aircraftperformance/default.aspx?
https://www.boeing.com/search/results.html?q=airplane+characteristics
DISCLAIMER Above calculations are based on published data, they must be
regarded as indication not as facts.
Calculated performance and weight may not correspond with actual weights
and performances and are assumptions for which no responsibility can be taken.
Calculations are as accurate as possible, they can be fine-tuned when more data
is available, you are welcome to give suggestions and additional information
so we can improve our program. For copyright on drawings/photographs/
content please mail to below mail address
(c) B van der Zalm 22 October 2022 contact : info.aircraftinvestigation@gmail.com python 3.7.4